![]() ![]() In 687, as part of his agreements with the Caliphate, Justinian removed from their native Lebanon 12,000 Christian Maronites, who continually resisted the Arabs. ![]() The incomes of the provinces of Armenia and Iberia were divided among the two empires. After a preliminary strike against the Arabs in Armenia, Justinian managed to augment the sum paid by the Umayyad Caliphs as an annual tribute, and to regain control of part of Cyprus. Īs a result of Constantine IV's victories, the political situation in the Eastern provinces of the Empire was stable when Justinian ascended the throne. In 685, at the age of sixteen, Justinian II succeeded his father as sole emperor. His father appointed him as his heir sometime after October 681, upon the deposition of his uncles Heraclius and Tiberius. Justinian II was the eldest son of Emperor Constantine IV and Anastasia. He was abandoned by his army, who turned on him before killing him. His second reign was even more despotic than the first, and it too saw his eventual overthrow in 711. He only returned to the throne in 705 with the help of a Bulgar and Slav army. Consequently, he generated enormous opposition to his reign, resulting in his deposition in 695 in a popular uprising. However, he responded brutally to any opposition to his will and lacked the finesse of his father, Constantine IV. Like his namesake, Justinian I, Justinian II was an ambitious and passionate ruler who was keen to restore the Roman Empire to its former glories. Justinian II ( Latin: Iustinianus Greek: Ἰουστινιανός, romanized: Ioustinianós 668/69 – 4 November 711), nicknamed " the Slit-Nosed" ( Latin: Rhinotmetus Greek: ὁ Ῥινότμητος, romanized: ho Rhīnótmētos), was the last Byzantine emperor of the Heraclian dynasty, reigning from 685 to 695 and again from 705 to 711. Latin: Imperator Caesar Flavius Iustinianus Augustus ![]()
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